fhiuefu; jpz;zGuk; rptd; Nfhtpy; jytuyhW ,yq;ifj; jpUehl;bd; tlf;Nf rpuRNghd;W ,Ug;gJ aho;g;ghzf; FlhehL. ,jw;F Nkw;Fj;jpirapy; VO ngUk; jPTfs; mike;Js;sd. kw;iwa jPTfistpl aho;efUf;F mz;ikapy; ,Ug;gJjhd; fhiujPT. ,J ehw;GwKk; flypdhy; #og;gl;l xU jPthFk;. Mjpapy; ,e;jpahtpd; fhiuf;fhy; vd;w Cupy; ,ue;J FbNawpatu;fis nfhz;likapdhy; fhiujPT vd;Wk; my;yhkYk; ,t;T+upy; mg;NghJ Vuhsk; fhiur;nrbfs; epd;wikahy; mg;ngau; Vw;gl;lJ vd;Wk; ngaUf;Fupa fhuzk; ,uz;L $wg;gLfpd;wJ. fhiujPT tlf;F> Nkw;F jpirfspy; Mokhd ghf;F ePupizf;flyhYk; fpof;F> njw;F jpirfspy; Mokw;w tw;Wk; jd;ikAs;s guitf;flyhYk; #og;gl;Ls;sJ. ,t;t+NuhL ,yq;ifapy; Gj;jsj;jpy; xU fhiujPTk;> fpof;Nf kl;lf;fsg;gpy; xU fhiujPTk; Mf %d;W fhiujPTfSk; Nru;e;J murpdupd; jghy; je;jp Nghf;Ftuj;jpw;F ngUk; njhy;iyfisAk; jhkjq;fisAk; Vw;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L ,Ue;jd. Mq;fpNyaupd; Ml;rpapy; 1869k; Mz;by; mg;NghJ murhq;f mjpguhf ,Ue;j Jdite;Jiuahy; nghd;dhiy flYf;F Clhf fw;njUTk;> xd;gJ ghyq;fSk; mikj;J fhiujPtpidf; Flhehl;Lld; ,ize;jhu;. ,t;tpizg;Gj; njUtpdJ ePsk; Rkhu; 3 fpNyh kPw;wu; MFk;. ,j;jiuj; njhlu;gpid mLj;J Nru; nghd; ,uhkehjdpd; tpije;Jiug;Gld; murpdu; fhiujPtpid 1923k; Mz;L njhlf;fk; fhiuefu; vd;W ngau; khw;wpf;nfhz;ldu;. ,q;Nf tye;jiy> Nfhtsk;> jq;Nfhil> fUq;fhyp> gYfhL> fsg+kp vd;W MW ngUq;Fwpr;rpfs; cs;sd. fhiuefu; VO fpNyh kPw;wu; ePsKk; ehd;fiu fpNyh kPw;wu; mfyKk; cilaJ. Nkw;Nf cs;s Nfhtsf; flw;fiuapy; 19k; E}w;whz;bd; Muk;gj;jpy; fl;lg;gl;l xU fyq;fiu tpsf;fKk;> njw;Nf ,aw;ifahf mike;j fg;gw;JiwKfKk; cs;sd. efupd; tlf;F gf;fkhf ,uz;L fpNyh kPw;wu; J}uj;jpy; cs;sJ jpz;zf;fsp vd;Dk; jpz;zGuk; rptd; Nfhapy;. ,f;NfhtpYf;F fpof;F> njw;F jpirfspy; gRk;Gy; jiufSk; Nkw;F tlf;F jpf;Ffspy; njd;dQ;NrhiyfSk; mjid mLj;jhw; Nghy f#updh gPr; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Rthkp jPu;j;jk; MLk; jPu;;j;jf;fiuf; flYk;> tlf;Nf J}u;thrfpup(J}k;gpy;) fly;KidAk; cs;sJ. 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Fsf;Nfhl;L kfhuhrptpd; Mizapd; gb Kj;Jkhzpf;fk; nrl;bahu; fhtpupg;g+k; gl;lzj;jpy; ,Ue;J IadhiuAk; Vida jpUTUtq;fisAk; tpahtpYkf;F nfhz;L te;jhu;. gpujp\;il nra;tjw;fhf cj;juNfhrkq;ifapy; ,Ue;J mioj;J tug;gl;l kq;fNs];tuf; FUf;fisAk; Re;jNu];tuf; FUf;fisAk; Fsf;Nfhl;L kd;dd; mioj;J Njq;fha; cilj;J K$u;j;jj;ij vLf;FkhW $w gy;yp nrhy;ypaJ> mjid jilahd rFdk; vd;gij czu;e;j FUf;fs;khu; Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij g; gpw;Nghl;ldu;. ,uz;L khjk; fopj;j gpd;du; K$u;j;jk; ig;gjw;F Njq;fha; cilj;jNghJ Njq;fha; ftpo;e;J Nghapw;W. ,jidf; fz;Zw;w kfhuhrh Nfhtpy; mikf;fg;gl;L ePz;lfhykhf Fk;ghgpN\fk; epiwNtwhky; ,Ug;gJjhd; ,j;jilf;F cupa fhuzk; vd;W vz;zpatuha; NtW xU Njq;fhia cilg;gpj;J Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij(1518k; Mz;L) rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;wp njhlu;e;J epj;jpa g+irfis elhj;Jk; nghWg;Gf;fis mt;tpU FUf;fs;khu;fsplk; xg;gilj;J mjw;F Ntz;badtw;iwAk;Vw;ghL nra;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpNy jhd; eapdhjPT ehfg+rzp mk;khs; NfhGu cr;rpapNy itf;fg;gLk; jPgxsp tpahtpy; Iadhu; Nfhtpy; cr;rpf;Fk;> tpahtpy; Iadhu; NfhGu cr;rpapy; itf;Fk; jPgxsp nghd;dhiy tujuh[g; ngUkhs; NfhgpYf;Fk; tujuh[g;ngUkhs; NfhGu cr;rpapy; itf;Fk;jPg xsp khtpl;lGuk; fe;jrhkp NfhtpYf;Fk; njupe;jjhf nrtptopr; nra;jpfs; njuptpf;fpd;wd. Ngu;j;Jf;Nfau; fhyk;: fp.gp 1545k; Mz;lstpy; Nghu;j;Jf;Nfau; ,yq;ifapd; fijg;gFjpfis; ifg;gw;wp Ml;rpnra;jdu;. mtu;fs; irtf;Nfhtpy;fis ,bj;J irtu; topghL nra;tjidj; jLj;J fpwp];jt rkaj;ij tsu;j;jdu;. tpahtpy; Iddhupd; nja;tPf kfpikahy; ,f;Nfhtpiy ,bf;f Kbatpy;iy. fhiuefupy; ngupa mk;ik Neha; mr;rkaj;jpy; gutpf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. kf;fs; gyu; khz;L nfhz;bUe;jdu;. xUtu; kzw;ghl;by; Kj;Jkhup mk;kd; Nfhtpiyf;fl;Ltpj;J tpahtpy; Iadhu; Nfhapy; g+rfu; #upaehuhazf; FUf;fis mioj;J Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;tpf;f mk;ik NehAk; Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ. xy;yhe;ju; fhyk;: 1658k; Mz;by; xy;yhe;ju; ,j;Njrj;jpd; Ml;rpiaf; ifg;gw;wpdu;. mtu;fSk; irt Nfhtpy;fis ,bj;Jk; mq;F g+i[fs; eilngwhky; jilfSk; Vw;gLj;jpdu;. ,tw;iwg; nghWf;f KbahJ mg;NghJ Iadhu; Nfhtpy; g+ir nra;j fdfrghgjpf; FUf;fs; Iadhu; Nfhtpypy; ,Ue;J tpf;fpufq;fis vLj;Jr; nrd;W epytiwapy; itj;J g+i[ nra;jhu;. ,f;fhyj;jpy; xy;yhe;ju; tpahtpy; Iadhu; NfhtpiyAk; NfhGuj;ijAk; mj;NjhL nghd;dhiy tujuh[g; ngUkhs; NfhGuj;ijAk; ,bj;J mjd; fw;fisf; nfhz;L Ngha; Cu;fhtw;Wiwf; flypy; fpy;kd; ghJfhg;Gf; Nfhl;iliaf; fl;Ltpj;jdu;. ,ufrpakhf epytiwapy; FUf;fs; g+i[ nra;tij mwpe;j xy;yhe;ju; mq;F nrd;W tpf;fpufq;fis vLj;J fpzW xd;wpy; Nghl;Ltpl;L NjiuAk; thfdq;fisAk; flypNy js;sp ngWkjpkpf;f Rthkpapd; mzpfyd;fis jkJ trkhf;fpf; nfhz;ldu;. mbah; xUtu; fpzw;wpDs; Nghlg;gl;l Iadhu; cUtpid vLj;J tlf;F Nehf;fpr; nrd;W jpz;izf;fspf;F rkPgkhf cs;s murkuj;jbapy; Gijj;J itj;J tpl;Lr; nrd;Ws;shu;. Iadhu; ];jhgpjk;: xy;yhe;ju; Ml;rp tPo;r;rpAw;W Mq;fpNyau; Ml;rp kyu;e;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; ,uhkehjGuk; NrJf;fiuiaf; fhty; nra;j kwf;Fb kugpduhd Mz;b vd;Dk; ngupahu; ,yq;iff;F te;J gy jyq;fisAk; juprpj;Jf; nfhz;L ,Wjpapy; fhiujPtpy; cs;s tpahtpy; Iadhuplk; te;jhu;. mq;F xy;yhe;juhy; Nfhtpy; mopf;fg;gl;lijg; ghu;j;J kdk; tUe;jpdhu;. ,q;F cs;s jhNkhju IaUld; jq;fp ,Uf;Fk; NghJ Iadhu; fdtpy; Njhd;wp 'mg;gNd mQ;rhjPu; ePNah ehd;> ehNd eP " ahk; CUf;F lf;Nf J}u;thrfpupf;F rkPgkhf jpz;zf;fsp Nkl;by; epw;Fk; murkuj;jpd; fPo; ,Uf;fpd;Nwhk;. te;J juprpg;gPuhf" vd;W mUs; nra;jhu;. Mz;bahu; Iadhupd; jpUtUl; Fwpg;ig tpae;J ctifnfhz;L jpz;zf;fspf;F tpiue;J nrd;W mq;F murkuj;ijf; fz;L gpbj;J mjd; Rw;whly; vq;Fk; Njbdhu;. fhzKbatpy;iy. ,iwd; thf;F gpiof;fhJ vd;W vz;zpatuha; fdhg; gyd; if$Lk; tiu mq;NfNa mku jpUTsq; nfhz;lhu;. murkuj;jbapy; jd;Dld; nfhz;Lte;j #yj;ij el;L mjpy; itutiu ,Uj;jp Mj;khu;j;j g+i[ nra;J topgl;lhu;. Mz;bahu; te;j jpz;izf;fsp vd;Dk; ,lk; 400 gug;G tp];jPuzk; cilaJ. ,J fsg+kp tpshid vd;Dk; Fwpr;rpiar; Nru;e;j khdh Kjypahu; tk;rj;J mk;gytp KUfu; vd;Dk; ngupahUf;F KJ nrhj;jhdJ. Iadhupd; Ntz;LNfhspd;gb Mz;bahu; xUtu; jpz;zf;fspf;F te;j nra;jpia mwpe;j mk;gytp KUfUk; mt;t+uUk; gj;jp gutrk; mile;J mq;F te;J Mz;bahiuf; fz;L tzq;fpdu;. Mz;bahupd; topghl;by; gq;F gw;wpa mtu;fs; itutu; #yk; el;l ,lj;ijr; Rw;wp xU Fby; mikj;Jf; nfhLj;jjdu;. md;W njhlf;fk; mk;gytp KUfu; Mz;bahUld; ngUel;G nfhz;l topghl;bw;F Njitahd rfy cjtpfisAk; nra;J tuyhapdu;. Mz;bahu; jpUTUitj;Njb fhzjtuha; kdk; nehe;J nfhz;L ,Ue;jhu;. xU ehs; murkuj;Jf;F njd;fpof;F gf;fkhf epyj;jpDs; xspj;jPgk; xd;iw Mz;bahu; fz;lhu;. clNd Mz;bahu; mt;tplj;jpw;Fr; nrd;W epyj;ij mfo;e;j NghJ g+uiz Gl;fiy rNkj Iadhu; jpUTUtk;fpilf;fg;ngw;W Nguhde;jg; gutrk; Mdhu;. 'IaNd ghtpNad; wd;id ahz;l nka;;j; nja;tNk nad;Wfz; zUtp Njq;fplf; ifapdhw; wOtpdhu; Nkhe;jhu; fhjyha; nka;apdpw; nwhl;Lj; jk; tpopap nyhw;wpdhu;" Mz;bahu; mg;NghJ ngw;w kfpo;r;rpapid Gytu; <o Kfdhu; jyGuhzj;jpy; Nky; cs;sthW tpgupf;fpd;whu;. Iadhiu Mz;bahu; mfo;e;njLj;j nra;jp Cnuq;Fk; gutpaJ. kf;fs; ngUe;jpushf mq;F gf;jp gutrk; Nkypl;L te;J juprpj;jdu;. mk;gytp KUfUk; XNlhb te;J iadhiu tzq;fp Mz;bahUlk; Nru;e;J mgpN\f Muhjidfs; nra;J topghL Mw;wpdhu;fs;. Iadhu; jpUTUit Njhz;b vLj;j ,lj;jpy; xU rpwpa NfzpiaAk; ntl;b Iadhu; itutu; g+i[f;F Njitahd g+f;fisAk; ,iyfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf xU e;jtdj;ijAk; mikj;jdu;. Mz;bahu; IadhUf;F Myak; xd;W mikf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W Fwpg;ig mk;gytp KUfUf;F njuptpf;f mk;gytp KufUk; mjid mfkfpo;NthL Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhu;. Mz;bahUk; jkJ ,g;gpwtpg;gzpia epiwT nra;jtuha; 'ehNd eP> ePNa ehd;" vd;w Iadhupd; thf;fpw;fika mq;Nf rkhjpahdhu;. mk;gytp KUfu; murkuj;jpw;F tlf;Nf cs;s cau;e;j epyj;jpy; Iadhu; Nfhtpiy fl;Ltpj;J Iadhiug; gpujp\;il nra;tpj;J Fk;ghgpN\fj;ij epiwNtw;wpdhu;. ehuhazg;gl;liu epakpj;J IadhUf;FK; itutUf;Fk; jpdKk; g+i[ nra;tpj;J te;jhu;. Cutu; Iadhiu 'Mz;bNfzp Iadhu;" vd;Wk; itutiu 'murb itutu; " vd;Wk; mioj;J Iadhu; vk;ikf; fhf;fpd;whu; vd;w ngUek;gpf;ifAld; tho;e;J tuyhapdu;. rpyfhyj;jpd; gpd;du; mk;gytpKUfu; Iadhu; cw;rt %u;j;jpia rpw;ghr;rhup %yk; rpwg;ghf thu;g;gpj;jhu;. mt;TUtpid cspapdhy; Mrhup nrg;gk; nra;aj; njhlq;fpa NghJ nrJf;fg;gl;l ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J cjpuk; ngUfpaij fz;L rpw;ghrhup tpag;Gw;wtuha; nrg;gk; nra;ahkNy mk;gytp KUfuplk; xg;gilj;jhu;. Iadhupd; jpUTUtk; nrg;gk; nra;ahg;glhkNyNa Fk;ghgpN\fk; nra;ag;gl;L g+[pf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. ,d;Wk; ,jidf; fhzyhk;. IadhuJ Fk;ghgpN\fk; epfo;e;j gpd;du; mtuJ mUl; ngUf;fk; fhiuefu; vq;Fk; mUshl;rp nra;jJ. jpz;zGuj;ij mz;ba gFjpfspy; mjpfhiyapYk; khiy NtisfspYk; Iadhupd; thfdkhfpa Fjpiufs; XLk; xypapidAk; rjq;if xypiaAk; rq;F ehjKk; kf;fs; Nfl;L Iadhupd; kfpikia tpae;jjhf %jhijau; $Wtu;. Mz;bahu; te;J ciwe;j murkuk; ,d;Wk; Nfhtpypd; njw;F tPjpapy; ngupa fpisfNshL tpahgpj;J epw;gijf; fhzyhk;. ,jd; fPo; cs;s itutu; Nfhapy; Gduikf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 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KUfu; rpjk;guj;jpNy rpy ehs; jq;fp tpehafu; Rg;gpukzpau; rz;NlRtuu; ee;jp gypgPlk; Kjyhd jpUTUtq;fis nrJf;Ftpj;Jf; nfhz;L jpz;zGuk; jpUk;gp Gjpa rpthyaj;jpy; mk;%u;;j;jpfis rpwg;ghf gpujp\;il nra;tpj;jhu;. rptypq;fg;ngUkhdpdJk; mk;gpifapdJk; tdg;igAk; mUshl;rpapidAk; fz;l FUkhUk; ngupNahu;fSk; md;W Kjy; Nfhapiy <oj;Jr; rpjk;guk; vd;Wk; Rthkpia Re;jNuRtuu; vd;Wk; mk;gpifiar; nrse;juhk;gpif vd;Wk; jpUehkk; ,l;L miof;fyhapdu;. 'jpy;iyj; jyNk aPoj;jpw; wpz;z Gukhj; jpfo;e;jpLf my;y dPf;Fq; $j;jDDl dk;ik apq;Nf naOe;jUs;f nry;tr; Re;jNurnuDQ; rptg;Ng ubahu; ehg;gapy;f ty;yp nrse;j uhk;gpifahs; fhf;f ntd;W tho;j;jpduhy;" jpU ehkk; ,l;l tuyhw;wpid <oj;Jr;rpjk;gu Guhzk; Nkw;fz;lthW $Wfpd;wJ. Nrhkh];fe;j %u;j;jp: rptnewpg; ngupahu; mk;gytp KUfu; rr;rpjhde;ju; jpUTUthfpa Nrhkh];fe;j%u;j;jpia thu;g;gpf;F; nghUl;L jdJ ike;jd; rz;Kfj;jhUld; rpjk;guk; nrd;W rpw;ghrhupia mZfp jkJ fUj;ij njuptpj;jhu;. 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Njhzp Nrjkile;Jj flypdpy; mkpo;e;J tpl;lJ. rz;Kfj;jhUk; $b te;jtUk; flypy; jj;jspj;j NghJ nja;tPfkhf ifapy; mfg;gl;l kuf;Fw;wpapid ,Wfg;gw;wpf; nfhz;ldu;. ,t;tpjk; ,uz;L ehs; flypy; mt];ijg;gl;L %d;whk; ehs; mjpuhk;gl;bd flw;fiuia Nre;jdu;. kaf;fKw;w epiyapy; fple;j mtu;fis mjpuhk;gl;bd Nrhdf Fbkf;fs; fz;L Ntz;ba rpfpr;riffs; nra;J Njw;wp rpy ehl;fspd; gpd; Njhzpapy; fhiuefUf;F mDg;gpitj;jdu;. ,q;F te;J Nru;e;jJk; rz;Kfj;jhu;> Nrhkh];fe;j %e;j;jp vt;tpj ,ila+Wkpd;wp te;J Nre;jij mwpe;J kdkfpo;r;rpAw;whu;. md;wpAk; jk;Kld; nfhz;L tuhky; vk;ngUkhid Kd;dNu mDg;gj;J}z;ba jpUtUis tpae;J Nghw;wpdhu;. gpd;du; ey;y K$u;j;jj;jpy; Nrhkh];fe;j %u;;j;jpia gpujp];il nra;tpj;J> je;ij mk;gytp KUfu; tpUk;gpathW ,f;fhk; Kjy; khu;fop jpUntk;ghit jpUthjpiu cw;rtj;jpYk;> gq;Fdp cj;ju kNfhw;rtj;jpYk; gpujhd vOe;jUspahf iff;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ. 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(njw;F Nehf;fp mku;e;J KONehf;fpy; Nehf;fp mUshl;rp nra;J Mde;j jhz;ltkhbf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; eNlru; jpUTUtpid thu;g;gpj;jtu; Nga;f;fhrp tk;rj;jtuhd kPirf;fhu rz;Kfk;. ,t;tbatUk; jdJ fLf;fd;fis cgfupj;Nj jpUTUit thu;g;gpj;jhu;. eNlru; jpUTU Ciur;Rw;wp Cu;tykhf nfhz;Lte;j gpd;du; epjp> nghUs; Nruhikahy; Fk;ghgpN\fk; eilngwtpy;iy. ,jidf;fz;l kPirf;fhur; rz;Kfk; ntJk;gp MWkhjfhykhf ,uT gfyhf 'mupfz;lk;" mq;ftpyq;F g+l;baNehd;G Nehw;whu; vd;Wk; gpd;du; epu;thfj;jpw;F te;j khrpyhkzp kzpafhuupd; ngUKaw;rpapdhy; 1908k; Mz;L eNlru; Fk;ghgpN\fk; rpwg;ghf eilngw;wjhfTk; ngupNahu;fs; $Wfpd;whu;fs;. re;jpuNrfu; jpUTU ];jhgdk; gw;wpa tpguq;fs; ngwKbatpy;iy.) mk;gytp KUfuhy; njhlq;fpa jpUg;gzp mtuJ re;jjpapduhy; njhlug;gl;lJ. ,tuJ topj;Njhd;wy; rz;Kfj;jhu;> rpd;dj;jk;gpahu;> khrpyhkzp mtu;fshy; nra;ag;gl;l jpUg;gzpfs; Vuhsk;. jpUg;gzpr; rig: 'Gy;ypdh nyhd;W Nfhb GJkz;zhw; gj;Jf;Nfhb nry;Ykhq; fhyj;jd;dpw; nrq;fy;yhw; gjpdhapuq; Nfhb my;ypDq; Foyha; Nfsha; myaklq;fld;id fy;ypdhw; rikj;j Ngu;fs; ifiy tpl;lfyhu; khNjh " rptNeau; gy Nru;e;J Re;jNu];tug; ngUkhDf;Fk; nrse;juhk;gpif mk;ghSf;Fk; fUq;fy;ypdhy; rpw;gk;rq;fSld; Nfhapy; fl;bl tpUk;gp Mjpdfu;jhf;fspd; MNyhridNahL 15.04.1963k; Mz;L fhiuefu; rptd;FNfhtpy; jpUg;gzp rigia cUthf;fpdu;. ,r;rigapduhy; fUq;fy;ypdhw; rptd; mk;ghs; fu;g;gf;fpufk;> mu;jj;j kz;lgk;> kfhkz;lgk; Mfpad moFw mikf;fg;gl;ld. ,d;Dk; tpehafu;> Rg;gpukzpau;> rz;Nl];tuu;> ehy;tu; Nfhtpy;fSk; Gjpjhf mikf;fg;gl;ld. eNLru; NfhtpYk; jpUj;j Ntiyfs; nra;ag;gl;L GJg;gpf;fg;gl;lJ. jpUg;gzpr; rigapdupd; mauhj ciog;gpdhy; 10.07.1970,y; [Pu;Nzhj;jhuz m\;lge;jd Ie;jhtJ kfh Fk;ghfpN\fk; eilngw;wJ. rpt= kq;fNs];tuf; FUf;fs; gpujk MrhupahuhfTk; rpt= rhkp tp];tehjf; FUf;fs; ru;tNghjfuhfTk; ,Ue;J epiwNtw;wpdhu;fs;. ,f;fhyj;jpy;jhd; gpuNjhr tpehafu; %u;j;jpAk; gpujp];il nra;ag;gl;L Gjpa fz;lhkzpAk; ];jhgpf;fg;gl;lJ. |
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